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Bloomberg Billionaires Index News,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Methodology: How We Crunch Net-Worth Numbers
The Bloomberg Billionaires Index is really a daily ranking from the world's 40 richest people. In calculating net worth, we attempt to supply the most transparent estimates available. Each Bloomberg Billionaire profile contains a detailed analysis of how that person's fortune continues to be tallied.
The index is a dynamic way of measuring the world's wealthy depending on changes in markets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the economy and Bloomberg reporting. Ny time. Stakes in publicly traded companies are valued using the share's most recent closing price. dollars at current forex rates.
Private companies are valued in a number of ways, for example by comparing the enterprise values or price-to-earnings ratios of similar public companies. The factors used depends upon the firm's industry and size. Estimates of non-public company debt are based on comparable peers.
When ownership of non-public assets cannot be verified,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they aren't contained in the calculations. The specific valuation methodology for every private company is roofed in the net- worth analysis section of a billionaire's profile. (The entire profile can be obtained simply to Bloomberg Professional subscribers.)
A liquidity discount of 5 percent is put on most private companies where assets might be hard to market. We now have noted whenever a different percentage has been used. No liquidity discounts were utilized in calculating values of public stakes. Sometimes, we also apply a rustic risk discount based on a person's power of assets and easy liquidating these questions given geography. A country's risk is assessed based on Standard Poor's sovereign debt ratings.
Net-worth estimates include dividend income paid and proceeds from the sale of public and private shares. Where the majority of a fortune comes from private companies, estimated dividends are calculated only if historical net gain information is available.
We deduct taxes based on prevailing income, dividend and capital gains tax rates inside a billionaire's country of citizenship or residence. Taxes are applied in the highest rate unless there is evidence to support less percentage.
For estimates of money and other invested assets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we now have applied a hybrid return based on holdings in cash, government bonds, equities and commodities.
We attempt to identify and make sure all potential liabilities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. No assumptions are made about credit card debt.
Members of the family often hold a portion from the billionaire's assets. Such transfers don't change the nature of who ultimately controls the fortune. Consequently we operate under the rule that all billionaire fortunes are inherently family fortunes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Each billionaire or their representative continues to be given a chance to respond to questions concerning the net- worth estimate, including assets and liabilities.
Bloomberg News editorial policy would be to not cover Bloomberg LP. As a result Michael Bloomberg,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the founder and majority who owns Bloomberg LP,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], will not be considered with this ranking.
Because calculating value requires a level of estimation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we have provided bull and bear case scenarios that would make a person's fortune higher or lower than our estimate. A confidence rating also is included on each profile.
5 Star - Most of the individual's fortune is locked in publicly traded companies. The billionaire or their representatives provides insight on the net-worth calculation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
4 Star - The majority of the individual's fortune is locked in publicly traded companies or private operations inside a country where transparent data is available,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The billionaire may hold shares through a holding company where ownership isn't transparent,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The billionaire or their representatives may provide insight on the net-worth calculation.
3 Star - The majority of the individual's fortune is held in private companies, or public companies based in a country where transparent details are often unreliable. The billionaire or their representatives won't comment on the net-worth calculation.
2 Star - Most of the individual's fortune is held in private assets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Often more than half of the calculation is based on an estimation of money along with other outside investments. The billionaire or their representatives won't discuss the net- worth estimate.
1 Star - The majority of the individual's fortune is held in private assets where limited information is available,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Often almost all of the calculation is dependant on an estimation of money along with other investable securities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The billionaire or their representatives won't comment on the net-worth estimate.
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